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Transfer files securely with SFTP

I've had to transfer files between linux workstations on the network, and often I used google each time, but now I found an article simple and clear that it is worth translating for you

Il protocollo FTP (File Transfer Protocol) è stato il più utilizzato per trasferire file tra computer. Tuttavia esso invia informazioni di autenticazione e contenuto dei file in chiaro, cioè non usa la crittografia dei dati, quindi non è un modo sicuro di comunicare. Secure Copy (SCP) e il più robusto SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) mirano a migliorare la sicurezza fornendo dati attraverso una canale completamente criptato. Puoi usare queste alternative per trasferire file in sicurezza su Internet o qualsiasi altra rete non sicura.

Sia SCP che SFTP si basano sul protocollo Secure Shell (SSH). SSH stabilisce un canale criptato di comunicazione tra computer using Public Key Infrastructure . SSH uses crittagrafia for exchanging data for authentication and subsequent data transfer.

The SSH server and client software is shipped with most modern operating systems. For SCP and SFTP client are available as part of the OpenSSH suite in most Linux systems. Except for SCP and SFTP, SSH features are a suitable platform for remote shell session to create graphics and desktop connections, using SOCKS proxy for safe navigation and routing of TCP / IP.

SCP and SFTP

SCP is a descendant of Remote Copy (RCP). Unlike FTP, you can specify with SCP che devono essere preservate le modifiche dell'orario, tempo di accesso e modalità di accesso del file originale. Inoltre SCP può richiedere attendere una password se impostata, prima di effettuare il trasferimento. SCP può essere usato per copiare file tra computer o due host remoti in genere.

SCP è un tool da command-line comodo per effettuare operazioni batch. Tuttavia, SCP lavora su SSH1, una versione vecchia e superata di SSH, quindi conviene usare l'alternativa di SFTP che sfrutta la nuova versione SSH2.

SFTP è un protocollo completo per il trasferimento di file che implementa tutte le funzioni di FTP, incluse alcune che SCP non gestisce, come rinominare e cancellare file remoti.

SFTP acts as an SSH subsystem and works on the standard SSH port 22. This avoids the need to open multiple ports in the firewall as more in the case of FTP, where the ports 20 and 21 must be opened for the control and data traffic. A client called SFTP sftp OpenSSH suite is available in the system in Linux.

Using a password-based authentication system (you can avoid it if the remote host allows password-less SSH authentication ), we see how you can start a session SFTP: sftp

david@192.168.1.1

sftp requires password, and if authentication is successful, it has a shell with the prompt sftp> . Inside the shell sftp, you can use commands similar to those available in the FTP as cd, lcd , ls , chmod, chgrp , get , put , rename, and rmdir . You can end the session by writing exit at the prompt.

Server SFTP

The OpenSSH suite is the most popular open source implementation of SSH. The sshd server is called . To accept incoming connections should therefore be that the sshd daemon is running and listening on the port of SSH server. To enable or disable SFTP, you can edit the main configuration file for sshd, which by default is / etc / ssh / sshd_config . SFTP is enabled by default, you can comment the following line to disable it:

Subsystem sftp / usr / libexec / openssh / sftp-server

You can restrict access to SFTP and SCP, like other features of SSH-based IP address of the connecting host by modifying the hosts.deny file that includes a line like this:

sshd: 192.168.1.1

To block an entire network, you can specify the network and the ' Address of the form:

sshd: 192.168.1.0/24

or

sshd: 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0

The SFTP server can accept client operating on different operating systems. Some popular client on Windows systems are FileZilla, WinSCP and DataFreeway .

Client graphical user interface (GUI) for SFTP

In addition to the command line client to the OpenSSH suite, the file browsers in desktop environments like GNOME and KDE handle SFTP connections in graphical mode. In Nautilus on GNOME or Konqueror in KDE, you can write the following line:

sftp: / / david@192.168.1.1: / home / david

The file browser will ask for the password, if authentication is successful and lists the files on the remote server. You can drag and drop (ie, simply drag and drop files) of files to copy them, and use the context menu (right mouse button) to change the file properties such as name and access permissions. You can also do the double click to open the file in the editor or viewer for. You can also bookmark a directory based on sftp to access faster again.

There are other interesting developments in this bed as a new file system called SSH File System made over the SFTP client, to mount remote file systems in simplicity and safety.